What is ADHD?

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects attention, impulse control, and activity level. It can occur in children and adults and often continues across the lifespan.

It is not about laziness or lack of discipline — it is related to differences in brain structure and neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and norepinephrine pathways.

🔍 Core Symptoms

ADHD symptoms fall into 3 main categories:

1️⃣ Inattention

Easily distracted

Trouble finishing tasks

Poor organization

Forgetfulness

Difficulty sustaining focus

2️⃣ Hyperactivity

Fidgeting

Restlessness

Excessive talking

Difficulty staying seated

3️⃣ Impulsivity

Interrupting others

Acting without thinking

Difficulty waiting turn

Risk-taking behaviors

🧩 Types of ADHD

Predominantly Inattentive Type

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type

Combined Type (most common)

🧠 Brain Mechanism (Simple Explanation)

ADHD is associated with:

Lower dopamine activity

Delayed maturation of the prefrontal cortex

Executive function challenges (planning, time management, working memory)

Think of it like:

The brain’s “braking system” and “focus system” are underpowered.

👩‍⚕️ In Adults (Often Missed)

Many adults—especially women—were never diagnosed in childhood.
Common adult signs:

Chronic procrastination

Emotional dysregulation

Time blindness

Burnout

Difficulty completing long-term projects.

💊 Treatment Options
1️⃣ Medication

Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) – first-line

Non-stimulants (atomoxetine, guanfacine, bupropion)

2️⃣ Behavioral Therapy

CBT for executive function

ADHD coaching

Organizational systems

3️⃣ Lifestyle Strategies

Structured routine

Exercise (boosts dopamine)

Sleep optimization

Protein-rich breakfast

Limiting digital distrac